English Grammar | Parts of Speech (পদ প্রকরণ) | Classification of Parts of Speech
Parts of Speech _ পদ প্রকরণ
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Definition :
The
different kinds of words are called parts
of speech.
parts
- অংশ, Of - এর, Sentence- বাক্যে অর্থাৎ বাক্যর অংশ । Sentence বা বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত
প্রতিটি শব্দ-ই ভিন্ন ভিন্ন কাজ সম্পন্ন করে। কাজের ভিন্নতা অনুসারে বা শব্দগুলোকে
বিভিন্ন শ্রেণীতে ভাগ করা হয়েছে । এদের প্রত্যেকটি ভাগই হলো এক একটি Parts of speech
/Sentence.
Parts of speech help to understand the uses or functions
words and how different words can make a meaningful sentence.
Classification
Of parts of speech.
There
are eight types of parts of speech.
Noun - (বিশেষ্য)
Pronoun - (সর্বনাম)
Verb - (ক্রিয়া)
Adverb - (ভাব বিশেষণ)
Adjective - (বিশেষণ)
Preposition - (পদান্বয়ী অব্যয়)
Conjunction - (সংযোজক অব্যয়)
Interjection - (আবেগসুচক অব্যয়)
Noun - (বিশেষ্য)
Definition: Noun - (বিশেষ্যঃ) যে word দ্বারা কোন কিছুর নাম প্রকাশ করা হয় তাকেই noun বলে ।
or
Name of anything like person, animal, place, thing, abstract, idea, action, state or quality is called Noun.
Name of anything like person, animal, place, thing, abstract, idea, action, state or quality is called Noun.
যেকোন ব্যাক্তি, প্রাণী, বস্তু, ভাব, ভাবনা, কাজ, অবস্থান, দোষ-গুণ, ইত্যাদির নামকে Noun বলে।
Examples:
Maria, Girl, Dhaka, Book, Teacher, Water, Honesty, Happiness, Family, Sleep, Death, etc.
In Sentence: (Bold words are noun)
- Ona is a pretty girl.
- The sun shines in daytime.
- Education removes darkness.
- Poverty is curse.
Maria, Girl, Dhaka, Book, Teacher, Water, Honesty, Happiness, Family, Sleep, Death, etc.
In Sentence: (Bold words are noun)
- Ona is a pretty girl.
- The sun shines in daytime.
- Education removes darkness.
- Poverty is curse.
Details of Noun Click here
Definition: Adverb এর কাজ হচ্ছে কোন Verb, Adjective বা Adverb সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য দেওয়া বা প্রদত্ত তথ্যকে আরো তাৎপর্যতাপূর্ণ করে তোলা।
Details of Adverb Click here
Details of Prepositions Click here
Definition: Conjunction হচ্ছে এমন শব্দসমূহ যারা এক শব্দকে অন্য শব্দের সাথে, এক শব্দকে অন্য clause এর সাথে বা এক Sentence কে অন্য Sentence এর সাথে সংযুক্ত করে।
Pronoun
Definition: A Pronoun is a word used instead of a Noun. অর্থাৎ Noun এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত শব্দকে Pronoun বলে।
Or
A Pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun-equivalent. It is the replacement of noun.
A Pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun-equivalent. It is the replacement of noun.
Pronoun সাধারণত Noun বা Noun এর সমতুল্য কিছুর পরিবর্তে বসে। ইহা Noun কে প্রতিস্থাপন করে।
Common pronouns are I, me, he, she, him, his, her, they, them, it, we, us, etc.
Example:
- She is a pretty girl.
- His contribution is appreciable.
- They are unbeatable.
Details of Pronoun Click here
Details of Adjective Click here- She is a pretty girl.
- His contribution is appreciable.
- They are unbeatable.
Details of Pronoun Click here
Adjective - (বিশেষণ)
Definition: Adjective বলতে এমন এক ধরণের শব্দমালাকে বোঝায় যারা কোন Noun বা Pronoun এর যোগ্যতা, স্বতন্ত্রতা, বা বর্ণনা সম্পর্কে ধারণা দিয়ে থাকে।
An adjective is a part of speech (word) that modifies a noun or a pronoun by Qualifying, specifying or describing it.
Generally an adjective modifies a noun by answering one of these following questions:
Which? What kind? How many?
Example:
- Foxes are cunning animal. (Answer the question “What king of animal?”)
- Five or six gunmen attack the area. (Answer the question “How many gunmen?”)
Verb - (ক্রিয়া)
Definition: Verb হচ্ছে এমন শব্দ বা শব্দ গুচ্ছ যা দ্বারা কোন কাজ, অবস্থা বা ঘটনাকে বোঝায়।
A verb is a word or a group of words (phrase) that is/are used to describe an action, state or occurrence.
Role of Verb in a sentence:
Verb forms the main part of the predicate of a sentence. Every complete sentence must have a verb.
Verbs are:
Actions: read, do, walk, bring, run, learn, eat, etc.
States: be, exist, stand, etc.
Occurrences: happen, become, etc.
Examples:- He is a good man. (Using the most common to be verb)
- We learn from the Web.
- She speaks in English.
Details of Verb Click here
Adverb - (ভাব বিশেষণ)
Definition: Adverb এর কাজ হচ্ছে কোন Verb, Adjective বা Adverb সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য দেওয়া বা প্রদত্ত তথ্যকে আরো তাৎপর্যতাপূর্ণ করে তোলা।
An adverb is a word which modifies or qualifies the meaning of a verb, adjective, other adverb or any other word(s) or phrase(s) in a sentence; such as quickly, firmly, lightly, carefully, extremely, etc.
Example:- The leopard runs quickly. ( Here quickly modifies the verb)
- He works extremely hard. (Here extremely modifies the adverb)
- Most of our countrymen are very poor. (Here very modifies the adjective)
Details of Adverb Click here
Prepositions: (পদান্বয়ী অব্যয়)
Definition: Pre অর্থ (পর্বে) আর Position অর্থ (অবস্থান) - Preposition (পর্বের অবস্থান) যে Word কোন Noun বা Pronoun এর পূর্বে বসে সেই Noun বা Pronoun এর সাথে বাক্যের অন্যান্য Word এর কি সম্পর্ক তা নির্দেশ করে তাকে Preposition বলে।
A preposition is a word placed or positioned before a noun or a pronoun or noun equivalent to show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.
Preposition এর কাজ হচ্ছে কোন Noun, Pronoun বা এদের সমতুল্য কোন শব্দ(গুচ্ছ) এর সংগে বাক্যের অন্য কোন শব্দের সম্পর্ক নির্ধারণ করা।
The following are the words used as preposition in English-
For, of, on, at, in, to, off, by, up, with, from, into, within, like, until, above, about, against, under, before, after, among, along, across, around, behind, bellow, beneath, beside, between, beyond, down, during, except, inside, near, since, toward, through and upon.
For, of, on, at, in, to, off, by, up, with, from, into, within, like, until, above, about, against, under, before, after, among, along, across, around, behind, bellow, beneath, beside, between, beyond, down, during, except, inside, near, since, toward, through and upon.
Example:
- He is looking for papers.
- Rifat lives in Dhaka.
- Place the book on the table.
- I will go there after breakfast.
- Look at the sky clearly.
- You should stand by him.
- He is looking for papers.
- Rifat lives in Dhaka.
- Place the book on the table.
- I will go there after breakfast.
- Look at the sky clearly.
- You should stand by him.
Details of Prepositions Click here
Conjunction: (সংযোজক অব্যয়)
The conjunctions are and, but, or, for, nor, so, yet, because, if, whether, lest, unless, as, since, how, when, where, while, why, till, until, after, before, however, as soon as, though and than
A conjunction is a part of speech or word that connects –
- One word to another word.
- One word to another clause.
- One sentence to another sentence.
- One word to another word.
- One word to another clause.
- One sentence to another sentence.
Example:
One word to another word:
- Rupom and Rifat are two brothers. (Noun to noun)
- Rimi and you have done this work. (Noun to pronoun)
- You and I will go there. (Pronoun to pronoun)
Details of Conjunction Click hereOne word to another word:
- Rupom and Rifat are two brothers. (Noun to noun)
- Rimi and you have done this work. (Noun to pronoun)
- You and I will go there. (Pronoun to pronoun)
Interjection: আবেগসুচক অব্যয়
Definition: যে শব্দগুলো আকস্মিক আবেগ, দৃঢ় অনুভূতি বা মনের ভাব প্রকাশ করে, তাদের Interjection বলে।
সাধারণত Exclamatory Sentence এ Interjection ব্যবহৃত হয়, এবং এমন বাক্যের শেষে যতি চিহ্ন হিসেবে আশ্চর্যবোধক চিহ্ন (!) ব্যবহৃত হয়।
The part of speech that expresses a strong feeling or sudden emotion or sentiment is called interjection or exclamation.
The part of speech that expresses a strong feeling or sudden emotion or sentiment is called interjection or exclamation.
Generally interjections are used in exclamatory sentences and take often note of exclamation as punctuation.
Interjections are not grammatically related to any other part of the sentence.
Example:
- Oh no! I missed the schedule of the class. (express failure)
- Hey! Don’t you hear me? (calling attention)
- Hey! Take it easy. (calling attention)
- Uh, I forget the answer. (Express hesitation)
Details of Interjection Click here
- Oh no! I missed the schedule of the class. (express failure)
- Hey! Don’t you hear me? (calling attention)
- Hey! Take it easy. (calling attention)
- Uh, I forget the answer. (Express hesitation)
Details of Interjection Click here
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